@MastersThesis{Teles:2015:ReMéFe,
author = "Teles, Thiago Sousa",
title = "Rela{\c{c}}{\~o}es de m{\'e}tricas fenol{\'o}gicas EVI/MODIS
do TIMESAT com sombreamento e padr{\~o}es at{\'{\i}}picos de
temperatura em floresta estacional decidual",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2015",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2015-03-24",
keywords = "fenologia por sat{\'e}lite, efeitos topogr{\'a}ficos,
temperatura, TIMESAT, varia{\c{c}}{\~o}es clim{\'a}ticas,
satellite phenology, topographic effects, temperature, climate
change.",
abstract = "O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar poss{\'{\i}}veis
rela{\c{c}}{\~o}es de m{\'e}tricas fenol{\'o}gicas
extra{\'{\i}}das pelo algoritmo TIMESAT com o sombreamento
resultante das varia{\c{c}}{\~o}es sazonais no {\^A}ngulo
Zenital Solar (AZS) e dos efeitos topogr{\'a}ficos locais e com
padr{\~o}es at{\'{\i}}picos de temperatura observados na
Floresta Estacional Decidual do Parque Estadual do Turvo (PET),
localizado na regi{\~a}o sul do Brasil. De forma mais
espec{\'{\i}}fica, procurou-se: (1) caracterizar
fision{\^o}mico-estruturalmente a vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o da
{\'a}rea de estudo; (2) extrair m{\'e}tricas fenol{\'o}gicas
aplicando o TIMESAT ao produto \emph{Enhanced Vegetation Index}
(EVI) do sensor \emph{Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer} (MODIS/Terra) e analisar sua variabilidade
sazonal; (3) correlacionar as m{\'e}tricas fenol{\'o}gicas com
as fra{\c{c}}{\~o}es sombra de um Modelo Linear de Mistura
Espectral (MLME) e com os valores da imagem relevo sombreado
(\emph{cos i}) obtida de modelagem topogr{\'a}fica; (4)
identificar padr{\~o}es at{\'{\i}}picos de temperatura entre
2002 e 2012 por meio de an{\'a}lise de ondeletas de dados de
esta{\c{c}}{\~a}o meteorol{\'o}gica; e (5) analisar a
influ{\^e}ncia local de padr{\~o}es an{\^o}malos de temperatura
sobre a varia{\c{c}}{\~a}o interanual das m{\'e}tricas
fenol{\'o}gicas. Os resultados mostraram que a
varia{\c{c}}{\~a}o anual de EVI no PET apresentou valores
m{\'a}ximos e m{\'{\i}}nimos associados {\`a}
diminui{\c{c}}{\~a}o do {\'{\I}}ndice de {\'A}rea Foliar
(IAF) e ao aumento do AZS (sombreamento dos doss{\'e}is e efeitos
topogr{\'a}ficos) do ver{\~a}o para o inverno. A
varia{\c{c}}{\~a}o do IAF {\'e} resultado da deciduidade das
esp{\'e}cies caducif{\'o}lias do estrato superior em resposta ao
fotoper{\'{\i}}odo e a temperatura, onde a perda de folhas
estaria associada {\`a} seca fisiol{\'o}gica durante o inverno.
As m{\'e}tricas fenol{\'o}gicas, extra{\'{\i}}das pelo
TIMESAT, atreladas a periodicidade dos eventos (In{\'{\i}}cio,
Final, Dura{\c{c}}{\~a}o e Data Central do Ciclo Sazonal),
n{\~a}o tiveram correla{\c{c}}{\~o}es significativas com a
fra{\c{c}}{\~a}o sombra do MLME ou com a imagem relevo sombreado
(\emph{cos i}). Por outro lado, as m{\'e}tricas mais diretamente
relacionadas com os valores absolutos de EVI (N{\'{\i}}vel de
Base, Valor M{\'a}ximo, Amplitude Sazonal, Derivadas da Borda
Esquerda e Direita, Integral Maior e Menor) apresentaram
correla{\c{c}}{\~o}es com o sombreamento. O espectro de
ondeletas identificou dois per{\'{\i}}odos de maior
pot{\^e}ncia no sinal relacionados {\`a}s varia{\c{c}}{\~o}es
sazonais dos anos 2006/07 e 2009/10 e um de menor pot{\^e}ncia em
2003/04. As maiores pot{\^e}ncias compreenderam as
diferen{\c{c}}as de amplitude entre as elevadas temperaturas de
ver{\~a}o dos ciclos 2006/07 e 2009/10 e as baixas temperaturas
de inverno em 2007 e 2009. As baixas temperaturas do ver{\~a}o em
2003/04 foram detectadas pelas ondeletas como um per{\'{\i}}odo
de menor pot{\^e}ncia da s{\'e}rie temporal. As temperaturas
mais elevadas dos ciclos de 2006/07 e 2009/10 est{\~a}o
possivelmente associadas aos eventos de El
Niño-Oscila{\c{c}}{\~a}o Sul (ENOS). Ao serem verificadas
correla{\c{c}}{\~o}es entre temperatura e a varia{\c{c}}{\~a}o
interanual das m{\'e}tricas fenol{\'o}gicas dos ciclos sazonais
entre 2002 e 2012, verificou-se que: os valores absolutos de EVI
M{\'{\i}}nimo para o m{\^e}s julho (inverno) foram
estatisticamente correlacionados (r = +0,77) com a m{\'e}dia das
temperaturas dos meses de junho e julho, sendo 2007 e 2009 os anos
que apresentaram os mais baixos valores da s{\'e}rie; as
m{\'e}tricas Final do Ciclo Sazonal, Dura{\c{c}}{\~a}o do Ciclo
Sazonal, Integral Maior e Integral Menor apresentaram
correla{\c{c}}{\~o}es positivas e estatisticamente significantes
com a varia{\c{c}}{\~a}o interanual das temperaturas
m{\'{\i}}nimas e m{\'e}dias para diferentes per{\'{\i}}odos.
Estas m{\'e}tricas, para os ciclos 2006/07 e 2009/10,
apresentaram m{\'e}dias superiores {\`a}s verificadas nos demais
anos. J{\'a} o ciclo 2003/04 apresentou a menor m{\'e}dia para a
m{\'e}trica de Final do Ciclo Sazonal. As m{\'e}dias destes anos
de comportamento at{\'{\i}}pico, para as m{\'e}tricas
indicadas, foram significativamente diferentes (p<0,05) dos demais
anos, de acordo com o teste estat{\'{\i}}stico t-pareado.
Imagens z-padronizadas geradas para estas m{\'e}tricas indicaram
desvios positivos com rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o {\`a} m{\'e}dia para
os ciclos 2006/07 e 2009/10, indicando que as temperaturas mais
elevadas prolongaram o per{\'{\i}}odo de produtividade
prim{\'a}ria destes ciclos em rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o {\`a} 2003/04.
ABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to verify possible
relationships between phenologic metrics extracted from the
TIMESAT algorithm, shadows from strong seasonal variations in
solar zenith angle (SZA) and local topographic effects, and
anomalous patterns of temperature observed in seasonal deciduous
forest from the Parque Estadual do Turvo (PET), located in south
Brazil. More specifically, the objectives were to: (1)
characterize floristic-structurally the vegetation of the study
area; (2) obtain phenologic metrics applying the TIMESAT to the
Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) of the Moderate Resolution Imaging
Spectroradiometer (MODIS/Terra) and analyze their seasonal
variation; (3) correlate the phenologic metrics with the shade
fractions derived from the linear spectral mixture model (LSMM)
and with shaded relief values (Cos i) from topographic modeling;
(4) identify anomalous patterns of temperature between 2002 and
2012 using wavelet analysis applied to gauge station data; and (5)
analyze the local influence of these anomalous patterns over the
inter-annual variation of the phenologic metrics. Results showed
that the seasonal EVI variations in the PET showed maximum and
minimum values associated with decreasing leaf area index (LAI)
and increasing SZA (canopy shadows and topographic effects) from
the summer to winter. LAI variations mainly results from the
deciduous species from the upper layer strata in response to the
photoperiod and temperature and the physiologic drought in the
winter. TIMESAT phenologic metrics associated with the periodicity
of events (Start of Season, End of Season, Length of Season, Time
of Middle of Season) were not correlated with the shade fraction
from LSMM or with the shaded relief values (Cos i). On the other
hand, metrics closely associated with the absolute EVI values
(Base Value, Maximum Value, Amplitude, Left Derivative, Right
Derivative, Large Integrated Value and Small Integrated Value)
were correlated with shadows. The wavelet analysis indicated two
high power seasonal cycles (2006/07 and 2009/10) and one low power
cycle (2003/04). The largest power values were associated with the
amplitude between the highest summer temperatures observed for
2006/07 and 2009/10 and the lowest ones measured in the winter of
2007 and 2009. The lowest wavelet power values were associated
with the coldest winter of 2003/04. The temperature behavior of
the summer of 2006/07 and 2009/10 is probably associated with El
Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). When the correlation between the
temperature and the inter-annual variation of phenologic metrics
were analyzed, the absolute values of EVI minimum for the month of
July (winter) were statistically correlated (r = +0.77) with
average temperatures for the months of June and July, being 2007
and 2009 the years with the lowest values of the series. Positive
correlations were obtained for End of Season, Length of Season,
Small and Large Integrated Values with minimum and mean
temperatures. These metrics presented larger mean values in
2006/07 and 2009/10 than in the other cycles. On the other hand,
the lowest mean value was observed for End of Season in 2003/04.
The mean metric values of these three cycles were statistically
different from the other years, as indicated from a paired sample
t-test (p < 0.05). Standardized z-score images showed positive
standard deviation values for 2006/07 and 2009/10 and negative
ones for 2003/04, indicating that the highest summer temperatures
of the first two cycles prolonged the primary production period
when compared to 2003/04.",
committee = "Galv{\~a}o, L{\^e}nio Soares (presidente/orientador) and
Breunig, F{\'a}bio Marcelo (orientador) and Ponzoni, Fl{\'a}vio
Jorge and Santos, Jo{\~a}o Roberto dos and Sano, Edson Eyji",
copyholder = "SID/SCD",
englishtitle = "Relationships of timesat phenologic metrics from EVI/MODIS with
shadows and atypical temperature patterns in seasonal deciduous
forest",
language = "pt",
pages = "112",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3J3G3LP",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3J3G3LP",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "27 abr. 2024"
}